Windows Phone OS VS Android Phone OS

Windows operating system is the undisputed king in the world of computers. But when it comes to the mobile phones the scenario is not that bright. Windows has to make space for itself in the presence of two giants: i OS and Android

The Windows Phone OS is a relatively new player in the world of mobile handsets. It is approximately two years old in the market, and as far as the mass use of the OS is concerned, it appeared at the Mobile World Congress 2011 with the Nokia handsets, the Lumia series. And with the Nokia Lumia 800 and Nokia Lumia 710. The Windows Phone OS was supposed to take off, but somehow it did not respond accordingly to the high anticipation of the tech world. Let’s find out how and why it lags behind the giant Android.

First and foremost reason is that windows OS does not give a wide range of applications to the user and on the other hand android almost provides the user with the plenty of applications and the plus point is that most of applications are free on android OS.

Second and equally important thing is the Windows OS does not come up with something new all the time, which the users demand at the time of purchasing a handset. And on the other hand the Android new version always comes with new and more applications.

One more thing that needs to be emphasized is that the companies like Nokia, HTC, and even Samsung offer only two or three handsets that run Windows Phone OS which are not stylish and trendy handsets.If we look at Samsung, we find that the Android handsets are far better looking than the Windows phones.

The foresight that Google invests in the Android is commendable, after the super success of the KITKAT 4.4.3 is already planning to unveil the Android 5.0 LOLLIPOP

TYPES OF MOUSE

Different Types of Mouse

The computer mouse functions by the relative motion of mouse and the surface it is kept on.

It is the motion of mouse which is converted into the motion of cursor with the help of sensors.

Over the years, we have seen the dramatic change in the hardware technology of computers. due to which there are many types of mouse. lets take a quick look at different types of mouse. following are the different types of mouse

Mechanical mouse

It is also known as a ball mouse. It has a rubber or metal ball on its underside. when the ball rolls the mechanical sensors detects its motion and sends the signal to CPU and the cursor on  the screen moves. this type of a mouse requires a flat surface or a pad to move on  and work efficiently. one of the defects of the mouse is that it is more prone to attracting dust.

Optomechanical mouse

optomechanical or optic mechanical mouse is same as mechanical mouse except for the sensors. the sensors in mechanical mouse are mechanical and the sensors in this type of mouse are optical. the device is controlled by both mechanical and optical tools . the optical sensors lead this type of mouse to more accuracy.

Laser mouse

Laser mouse are the new generation mouse. these mouse have both light emitter  and light detector. it emits a laser light and the light and the light detector carefully detects the movement of laser light . this types of mouse works efficiently with great accuracy. the laser used in this type of mouse has around 5000 to 6000 dots per inch

Optical mouse

Optical mouse also uses a light emitter and light detector . but, instead of using laser light it uses LED as light emitter . It has lower dots per inch as compared to Laser mouse due to which its accuracy is lower than the laser mouse. user might find it difficult to use this type of mouse on shiny or black surface

 

Blue Track Mouse

It is the next generation mouse introduced by the Microsoft. It is based on a blue track technology that enables the mouse to work efficiently with great accuracy on any kind of surface. The blue beam is a combination of image sensor and pixel geometry. And it is 4 times larger than the laser beam used in the laser mouse. It generates a high contrast picture of the surface for extra ordinary accuracy.

ASCII Code

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. there are two types of ASCII code. ASCII-7 and ASCII-8. ASCII-7 uses 7 bits to represent a character. And it can represent  128 symbols . ASCII -8 uses 8 bits to represent a character. And it can represent 256 different characters. first 128 symbols in both the ASCII table are same. The first 32 characters in the ASCII-table are unprintable control codes and are used to control peripherals such as printers. Codes 32-127 are common for all the different variations of the ASCII table, they are called printable characters, represent letters, digits, punctuation marks, and a few miscellaneous symbols. You will find almost every character on your keyboard. Character 127 represents the command DEL. And the code from 128-255 are used to represent the Latin symbols . Following is the ASCII table

COMPUTER GENERATIONS

                       

Generation is a computer terminology which means change in technology of computer being used. Initially, it meant change in the technology of hardware but now it also includes change in technology of software which together makes up an entire computer system

There are total five generations of computer known till date each discussion has been discussed in detail along with its time period.

Following are the five generation of computers

1) First Generation Computers

The period of first generation computers was from 1946 to 1959. They used vacuum tubes as a basic component of memory and circuitry for central processing unit (CPU). These tubes were very expensive. They required a lot of electricity and they generated a lot of heat. Therefore, they required a large cooling down system made from air conditioners. They were unreliable. This generation computers required continuous replacement of tubes. In this generation mainly batch processing system were used. Punch card, paper tape and magnetic tape were used as input and output devices. They used machine language only. Their sizes were huge and they were non-portable. They were used for only scientific purposes. They run only scientific applications. They were used only at commercial level and only high level organization could afford them. They were very costly. They were difficult to use.

 SOME REPRESENTATIVE SYSTEMS

    ·         EDVAC

    ·         EDSAC

    ·         UNIVAC I

    ·         IBM 701

                            

                               

2) Second Generation Computer

The period of second generation computers was from 1959 to 1965. In this generation transistors were used which were cheaper than vacuum tubes. 240 transistors were used instead of one vacuum tube. They consumed less power than first generation computers. They were used at commercial level only.  They were more compact in size. They were still very costly. They were more reliable and faster than first generation computers made of vacuum tubes. In this generation computers magnetic cores were used as primary memory and magnetic disks were used as secondary memory. In this generation assembly language and high level languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL were used. They used batch processing operating systems.

Some Representative Systems

    ·         IBM-1620

    ·         IBM-7094

    ·         CDC-1604

    ·         CDC-3600

    ·         UNIVAC-1108

     

             

3) Third Generation computer

The period of third generation was from 1965 to 1971. The major invention in the third generation computer was the development of integrated circuits (IC’s). A single IC chip contained thousands of transistors, resistors and capacitors. They used IC’s with MSI (Medium Scale Integration) technology. These computers were smaller in size than the first and second generation computers. They were faster than first and second generation computers. They were less expensive and consumed less energy. They were reliable and portable. It was user-friendly and easy to upgrade. They became very common in medium to large scale business. These computers used magnetic core memory as internal storage. Larger capacity disks and magnetic tapes were used as secondary storage devices. These computers used keyboards and monitors. They were multitasking. They used multi-processing, multi-programming and time sharing operating systems.  High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.

Some Representative Systems

    ·         IBM-360

    ·         DEC

    ·         PDP-8

    ·         UNIVAC-1108

    ·         UNIVAC-9000

    ·         IBM-370

                                     

                                    

           

4) Fourth Generation Computer

The period of this computer generation was from 1971 to 1980. They were smaller than first, second and third generation computers. They were affordable, reliable and easy to use PC’s. They were more powerful than first, second and third generation computers. At that time they were called as super computers. They were totally general purpose machines. They were easier to produce commercially and easier to upgrade than first, second and third generation computers. In these computers rapid software development was also possible. Fourth generation of computers started with the invention of microprocessor. It revolutionized the computer world. Advancements were made in IC’s technology. LSI (large scale integrated) circuits and VLSI (very large scale integrated) circuits were designed which contributed towards the invention of microprocessors, which made it possible to make micro-computers. Computer of this generation used semi-conductor memory which increased the internal storage of the computers. These computers had high processing speed. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation. Operating systems for PC’s with graphical user inter phase were made and multiple windows on a single terminal screen was possible.

Some Representative Systems

    ·        DEC 10

    ·        STAR 1000

    ·        PDP 11

    ·        PDP 8

    ·        IBM 360/370

        

5) Fifth Generation Computers

The period of fifth generation computers is from 1980 till now. These computers are portable, cheaper, reliable and more powerful. They are easy to use and rapid software development is possible. They are totally general purpose. In this generation VLSI circuits became ULSI (ultra large scale integrated) circuits which made it possible to make microprocessors having ten million components on single chip. Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence (AI), are still in development stage. Though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and super conductors is helping to make AI a reality. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets means and methods to make computer think like a human being. It uses all high level languages like C++ and JAVA. Quantum computation, molecular and Nano-technology will radically change the face of computers in future. The goal of fifth generation computing is to develop such devices that will be able to respond to natural language input and capable of learning and self-organization.

Some Representative Systems

    ·         IBM notebooks

    ·         Pentium PC’s

    ·         Laptop

    ·         Ultra book

    ·         Tablets

      

my first blog

Hey guys! this is my first blog. it was part of my assignment. earlier, I didn't know anything about blogging so I found it a little bit boring task. somehow I started working on it and eventually I found it to be interesting because blogging is a tool with the help of which I can communicate with the world, share my thoughts, keep my as well as others knowledge updated. I hope that I could keep on blogging and share the latest technologies with you guys